Javascript - 運算子與型別

J
J

目錄

運算順序

先運算完再指定

i = 1 
//賦值
i += 1
// i = i+1
-=
// i = i-1
/=
// i = i /
*=
//i = i*
%=
//餘數

 

等號位置的差異

let i = 1, b
b = i--
//b = 1 , i = 0
//先執行b=i，再執行i = i-1

b = --i

//先執行i = i-1 再執行z=i
// b = 0, i = 0

型別

原始型別:六種

  • Boolean, Null, Undefined, Number, BigInt, String, Symbol
  • 都是原始定義的值，不能被改變
  • Boolean: true/false
  • Null: 只有Null
  • Undefined:還沒被定義的變數，例如let num
    console.log(typeof (num))
  • Number:一般的數字再加上+Infinity、-Infinity、NaN
  • String:文字資料
  • Symbol
Symbol("foo") === Symbol("foo"); // false

const sym = new Symbol(); // TypeError

const sym = Symbol("foo");
typeof sym; // "symbol"
const symObj = Object(sym);
typeof symObj; // "object"

 

非原始型別:Object

  • function, array,...等等都包含在內
  • 特性：可以自由新增屬性
console.log(typeof True) //boolean

console.log(typeof "123")//string

console.log(typeof 1) //number

console.log(typeof 123n) //bigint

console.log(typeof []) //object

console.log(typeof null) //object

//但原始型別為null

console.log(typeof function() {}) //function

//但原始型別為object

const obj = {}

obj.name = 'hello'

console.log(obj.name) //hello

new

使用new會讓型別成為object

例如

const string1 = "abc"

console.log(typeof string1)//string

console.log(typeof "abc") //string


const string2 = new String("xyz")

console.log(typeof string2) //object

型別轉換

顯性轉換

常見:字串轉數字 Number()或運算子

console.log(+"1") //1

console.log(+true) //1

console.log(!0) //true

console.log(!!0) //false

console.log(!1) //false

數字轉字串 toString()

轉布林 Boolean()

console.log(!0) //true

console.log(!!0) //false

console.log(!1) //false

隱性轉換

  • 有一個是字串=>都變字串
  • 有一個非原始型別=>當字串
  • true會被視為1，false視為0

num+str

//str

str+str

//str

console.log(1+true) //2

console.log(String([1,2])) //1,2

console.log("1"+2) //12 加號在有string的情況下會當成string拼接
console.log("1"-2) //-1 遇到-號會試著轉換成數字
console.log(1+[2]) //12
console.log(1+[1,2]) //11,2
console.log(1-[1,2]) //NaN

console.log("12"+true) //12true
console.log(1 +{}) //1[object Object]
console.log(String({})) //[object Object]

note:

  • Bigint(n)可以彼此運算但跟一般型別混和會錯誤
  • Symbol不能運算

型別比較('==' '===')

寬鬆比較

  • 物件與物件相比=>false
  • 物件vs非物件 =>先string在Number
  • 大部分會轉成number, string或boolean做比較
  • ture=>1 / false=>0
  • null=>false
  • undefined=>false

console.log(1==true) //true

console.log(3 == true) //false

console.log(null == undefined) //true

console.log(0 == undefined) //false

console.log(1==1n) //true

console.log({} == []) //false
console.log({} == '[object Object]') //T

 

 

//先轉成數字
console.log(Number([])) //0
console.log(Number([1])) //1
console.log(Number([1,2])) //NaN

console.log([] == 0) //T
console.log([1] == 1) //T
console.log([1,2] == 12) //F
console.log([] == "0") //F

//物件相比
var numObj = new Number('13456') //object

var num = Number('13456') //number

numObj === 13456  //False

num === 13456  //True
console.log(new Number(1) ==new Number(1)) //false

console.log({} ==={} ) //F
console.log([] ===[] ) //F

 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kX3madakVl0

 

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